These articles cover five major scientific topics: astronomy, astrophysics, physics, ecology, and evolution of life. Each field is explored through in-depth studies, theoretical concepts, and practical examples illustrating their impact on our understanding of the universe and life.
"It is absolutely possible that beyond what our senses perceive, hide unsuspected worlds. " Albert Einstein (1879-1955).
Behind this quotation from Einstein, we perceive the great scientific revolutions to come. New concepts will eventually come closer to observable facts and then be replaced by other concepts.
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The Faint Young Sun Paradox: Why Wasn't Early Earth Frozen? 
World Population: From One Billion Humans to Demographic Saturation 
The Demographic Transition: Growth or Decline? 
From Carbon 14 to Uranium-Lead: The Science of Dating 
The Great Bifurcation that will Disrupt Our World: Survival or Collapse? 
Giants of the Milky Way: Top of the Most Massive, Largest, and Brightest Stars 
Primordial Chemistry: Where Do the First Organic Molecules Originate? 
Lake Agassiz: A Deluge that Changed the Climate 
Spontaneous Synchronization: A Universal Phenomenon, from Physics to Life 
How can the Universe measure 93 billion light-years? 
How Do Solar Panels Inject Electricity into the Grid? 
Why does life depend so
much on oxygen? 
Artificial networks vs biological networks: Two systems, one common architecture 
Quantum Entanglement: When Two Particles Become One!
Dynamics
of Momentum to explain the propulsion of rockets or jellyfish 
Human Brain and Artificial Intelligences: Similarities and Differences 
Time Challenge: How to Illustrate a Billion Years? 
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle: Understanding Quantum Uncertainty 
Relation between Energy, Power, and Time 
The Three Essential Components for the Emergence of Life 
Principle of absorption and emission of a photon 
The Toba Super Eruption: Decades of Climatic Chaos 
Moon Phases 
Yarkovsky Effect on Asteroids 
Planetary Alignments: A Fascinating but Relative Phenomenon 
All Deserts
of the World 
The
Ecliptic or the Apparent Orbit of the Sun 
Influential Greek
Thinkers 
Why Did the Genus Homo Nearly Go Extinct 900,000 Years Ago? 
Drunken Forests: Understanding the Phenomenon of Permafrost Thaw 
There is Electricity in the Air! 
Future Collision of Our Galaxy with the Sagittarius Galaxy 
Central area of the
Milky Way 
Differences between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy 
AlphaGo vs AlphaGo Zero: A Revolution in Artificial Intelligence 
Apollo 8: The Photo That Shook the World 
The Femtosecond Laser: From Ultra-Short Time to Extreme Power 
The Pentaquark: A New Piece of the Cosmic Puzzle!
How can we say that the Universe has an age? 
Why is there a limit to cold, but not to heat? 
Why are Rare Gases rare?
Galileo's Law of Falling Bodies 
The Ideal Gas Law 
Schrödinger Equation and Atomic Structure 
Noether's Theorem: conservation
of energy follows from symmetries 
The World of Color
The First Minerals of Stellar Systems 
The colors of the
rainbow 
Inversions of the Earth's Magnetic Field 
Why are Galaxies, Unlike Stars, So Close to Each Other? 
The Nature of Light
First Proof of the Expansion of the Universe 
The Next Step for Intelligent Machines 
The 4 Articles of Albert Einstein from 1905 
The First Step Towards the Emergence of Life 
Plasma Lamp and Field Concept 
What is a Collapsar?
Why does nuclear fusion require so much energy? 
Why Doesn't CO2 Fall to the Ground? 
What is Vantablack?
Solar maximum
and minimum 
Relationship between gravitational mass and inertial mass and the equivalence principle 
Low Earth Orbits
and their uses 
Earth's Paleoclimates and Carbon Dioxide 
Galaxies of the Local Group 
The Third Essential Equation in Physics 
The Second Essential Equation in Physics 
The first essential equation in physics 
Michelson-Morley Experiment 
Phylogenetic
Tree of Life 
Three Gorges Dam and Day Length 
The
electromagnetic force or Lorentz force 
International
Date Line 
Explanation
of the 8 of the analemma 
Formal neuron 
Dramatic
Consequences of the El Niño Phenomenon 
The solar energy received depends on the angle of incidence 
Why is marble colder than wood? 
The shadow biosphere
Why
does a photon, which has no mass, have energy? 
Arrokoth, the red snowman
Decline
of Anthropocentrism 
Artificial
intelligence: the explosion of gigantism 
Bayes
Formula and Artificial Intelligence 
The
seven fundamental constants of physics 
When
does spring start? 
When
AI models train on their own data, they go mad! 
Emergence of artificial intelligence: Illusion of intelligence or intelligence? 
Space-time
slices of the observable Universe 
Reversal
of the Earth's magnetic field over time 
What
temperature does it feel like in interstellar space? 
Why
do the planets have different obliquities? 
What
do we know about Pythagoras (≈570-495 av. J.-C)? 
The
Kirkwood Gaps in the Main Asteroid Belt 
Black
body radiation curves: Planck's law 
The life of the stars: From
the collapse of the nebula to the cataclysmic explosion 
Winds
of the solar system and giant planets 
Dark Ages of the Universe
Feynman
diagrams and particle physics 
Alternative
theories to the accelerated expansion of the universe 
The
hidden galaxy, one of Euclid's first images 
The horseshoe crab,
a living fossil! 
The
primitive atom of Abbot Georges Lemaître 
Stars
cannot create elements heavier than iron because of the nuclear instability barrier 
The
equivalence principle, gravitational effects are indistinguishable from acceleration 
The
curvature of time, a non-intuitive concept! 
Great
walls and filaments: the great structures of the Universe 
Pioneer,
first message to extraterrestrials ! 
Redshift calculation (z) 
E=mc2:
The four fundamental concepts of the universe revisited 
How
to see infrared images from JWST? 
Spectacular
airglow in France 
What is the asteroid
belt? 
The
Virgo Cluster spans approximately three Full Moons 
Biosignatures
or presence of life in the Universe 
How to weigh the sun? 
Mauna
Loa is the largest volcano in the world! 
Challenge
and threat of Artificial Intelligence 
How
do machines understand, interpret and generate language in a similar way to humans? 
How
does an artificial neural network work? 
Moments of the
day 
The
equation of general relativity (1915) 
Special
relativity equations (1905) 
Boltzmann's
equation on entropy (1877) 
Coulomb's equation
(1785) 
Equation
of the free fall of bodies (1604) 
Do
natural satellites of natural satellites exist? 
Problem
of longitude at sea 
The
phenomenon of soil sinking is called subsidence 
The
chaotic formation of the solar system 
Planet 9 is still not
in sight 
Differences
Between Heat and Temperature 
What
is β radioactivity? 
The
shadow of the black hole 
Why
do elementary particles have no mass? 
Equation
of electromagnetic induction 
Field concept in physics
Energy Conservation
Dirac's equation (1928)
JUICE's
orbital waltz to Jupiter 
Equation
of Newton's Three Laws 
Planck's equation
(1900) 
Maxwell's equations (1861-1862)
Equation of the speed of rotation of a planet 
Equation
of the orbital velocity of a planet 
Magnitude
of future global warming 
Accelerated
expansion of the Universe 
Schrödinger's
equation (1925) 
Our matter is not
quantum! 
Why
do astronauts float? 
Do nothingness
and emptiness exist? 
What is an electric
charge? 
Alpha (α) radioactivity
We
do not see with our eyes but with our brains 
How
to measure distances in the Universe? 
Cherenkov light 
Superpositions
of quantum states 
What
is the pendulum fixed relative to? 
Planetary
defense with didymos and dimorphos 
Fermi's
paradox or Plato's cave 
Paradoxes in physics
Dark Night Paradox
Bose-Einstein
condensate 
Traveling
on the ecliptic 
Quantum
computers will not be for the general public 
JWST in the
depths of space 
Antimatter
and antiparticle of the Dirac sea 
Laser light
has invaded our daily lives 
The confinement of quarks
What
does the equation E=mc2 really mean? 
Sandpile
Thermodynamics 
The geometry of time 
The Symmetries of the Universe: A Journey Between Mathematics and Physical Reality 
Metavers, the next
step in evolution 
The
first measurement of the Earth-Sun distance 
Where
does the energy of the Sun come from? 
The Boundary of Space: Where Does It Really Begin? 
Trappist
or the harmony of the cosmos 
Between
Waves and Particles: The Mystery of Duality 
Space in time 
Quantum
field theory, the fields of reality 
Modern cathedrals
Adaptive
optics and laser star 
The magnetic
order and magnetization 
Recombination in cosmology
The primitive soup 
Earth's quasi-satellite: 2016 HO3 
The size of the Universe
Earth in an aquarium
Brownian Motion: A Link Between Two Worlds
The
seven wonders of the World 
The final frontier 
What is a Cepheid? 
The Megapodes of Papua
New Guinea 
Quotes
about Science 
Comets:
Exploring the Mysteries of the Solar System 
Tourist
Journey through the Solar System 
Babylonian Astronomy and Astrology: History and Contributions 
El Gordo Galaxy
Cluster 
When Dark Matter Reveals Itself
Einstein Rings or Crosses
How to
Calculate Synchronous Orbit? 
Geostationary Orbit: Calculation and Explanations 
Laniakea:
Our Supercluster of Galaxies 
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM): India's First Mars Probe 
List of Stars Near
the Sun 
Seafloor Relief: Exploring Ocean Depths 
Schrödinger's Cat: A Paradox of Quantum Mechanics 
Turn
Off the Stars to Detect Life! 
The habitable zone of the Kepler-186 system 
The First Free Flight of an Astronaut in Space 
Composition
of Interstellar Dust 
Roche Limit or Roche
Radius 
What is
a Wave? 
Seeing an Atom! 
Supervolcanoes are
invisible! 
What is the gigantic explosion that generated the Gould Belt? 
Escape Velocity 
Beyond Our Senses!
Dark Nebulae 
Earth's Obliquity and Variations in Its Axis of Rotation 
Hubble constant and expansion of the Universe 
Super Moon 
The lights of the Sun 
The
Philae Robot and the Rosetta Comet 
Galilean Cutoff or the Beginning of Modern Physics 
Hadean's
Hell 
Chaos and sensitivity to initial conditions 
The GAIA satellite
maps the Milky Way 
Blue, white,
yellow, orange stars 
The
Cigar Explosion 
Catastrophe
of a Super Eruption 
Living on Mars 
The Leap Second 
Hyperion, moon
of Saturn 
From Inert to Living
The disturbing cloud cover of the Earth 
Abundance of chemical elements in the universe 
Effects
of light aberration 
Ganymed (1036): Near-Earth and Mars-crosser 
Eclipses
explained by the plane of the orbit 
Super
Explosion and Supernova: Cosmic Mysteries
Online Simulator: Orbits of Asteroids 
From the Ancient Atom to the Modern Atom: An Exploration of Atomic Models 
Seeing Atoms: An Exploration of Atomic Structure 
Online Simulator: Orbits of Near-Earth Asteroids 
Mini-Neptunes: A Fascinating Class of Extrasolar Planets 
Rosetta Space Probe: Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko 
The Atomic Orbital:
Image of the Atom 
The seven wonders of the World 
Heliosphere: At the Borders of the Solar System 
Where did the dark matter in our Galaxy go? 
Entropy: What is Time? 
The Hottest Years Since Records Began 
Planetary nebulae
Moon Illusion 
How many photons to heat a cup of coffee? 
Monocerotis: The Mysterious Star of the Unicorn 
The Wind of Stars: Interaction between Light and Cosmic Dust 
Number of candidate and confirmed exoplanets 
Turin Scale: A Classification of Impact Risks 
The 12 Particles of Matter: Understanding the Universe at the Subatomic Scale 
From Dust to Stars: The Composition of Galaxies 
The cluster
of galaxies Coma in its soup 
Ecology and Collapse: The Case of Easter Island 
Curiosity in Action: Communication and Navigation Strategies 
The Quest for Time: How Ancient Civilizations Used Astronomy? 
Comet Lemmon 2013: A Celestial Visitor from the Southern Hemisphere 
MOND Theory and Dark Matter: Why MOND Fails in Cluster Collisions 
The first second
of our history 
METEOSAT: A Key Satellite
for Climate Monitoring 
The Planck Universe: the Image of the Universe Becomes Clearer
Charon and Pluto:
An Inseparable Duo 
The largest objects in the solar system 
New Zealand volcanoes
Asteroid
Juno: an unknown giant of the solar system 
Mascons:
Lunar Gravitational Anomalies 
Comparative sizes of planets and stars 
Solar Winds: A Key Phenomenon of Interplanetary Space 
Van Allen Radiation Belt: A Shield Against Cosmic Particles 
Sediba: Man or Australopithecus 
Super-Earths: Habitable Planets in Sight? 
Active Volcanoes of Colombia: Between Natural Beauty and Eruptive Risks 
Pluto's Satellites: Strange Companions in the Dwarf Planet's Shadow 
Sagittarius A: Cosmic Monster Lurking at the Center of Our Galaxy 
Physical and Cosmological Constants: Universal Numbers at the Origin of Everything 
Asteroid Pallas:
A Giant of the Main Belt 
Asteroid 2012 DA14 passed on February 15, 2013 
HD 100546 b: A Giant Exoplanet Forming in an Extended Habitable Zone 
Impact craters
on Earth 
What Conditions Allowed the Emergence of Life? 
Spectroscopy: A Key to Analyzing the Invisible World 
Coatlicue: The Mother Nebula of the Sun and the Solar System 
Blue Moon or Ice Moon: Understanding These Lunar Phenomena 
2012 and Comet ISON: Between Promise of Brilliance and Disappointment 
The
Tarantula Nebula: A Cosmic Jewel 
Galaxy Merger NGC 6745: A Traversal of One by the Other