Image description: It took a rebellious, young, revolutionary, and nonconformist mind to renounce the achievements of the physics of his peers. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) conducted an analysis of the concept of time. There is no great universal clock, that is what his theory tells. Albert Einstein obtained his doctorate on January 15, 1906. His fame would only emerge in 1909. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
We know the importance of the results obtained by Einstein in 1905 regarding the properties of matter, energy, space, and time. Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, a medium-sized city in Württemberg, Germany. In 1905, he published in the German journal "Annalen der Physik" four articles that revolutionized 20th-century physics.
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light".
The article by Albert Einstein, titled "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt," is one of the foundational works of modern physics, particularly quantum theory. This article offers a new perspective on the nature of light and introduces the revolutionary idea that light might be composed of "quanta," discrete packets of energy, now called photons.
N.B.: The term "heuristic" refers to an approach to discovery or understanding that relies on intuition, experience, or methods that are not strictly formal. It indicates a research path toward which there is something to be found.
• Available in English and French.
"On the Movement of Particles Suspended in a Stationary Fluid as Inferred from the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Heat".
The article by Albert Einstein discusses Brownian motion, which was described by the botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858) in 1827. This phenomenon concerns the random motion of small particles suspended in a liquid, and Einstein proposes in this article an explanation based on the kinetic theory of gases.
N.B.: Brownian motion was first described in 1827. Robert Brown (1773-1858), a Scottish naturalist, observed in nature that stones contain water in which there are pollen grains. These pollen grains move while they have been trapped for millions of years. How is it that these pollen grains move? That is Brownian motion. Einstein explains this Brownian motion through molecular and atomic hypotheses and calculates the size of molecules.
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies".
The article by Albert Einstein titled "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" is one of the most influential works in modern physics. In it, he introduces what will become the theory of special relativity. In this article, Einstein resolves several paradoxes and inconsistencies of classical physics by redefining the concepts of time, space, and motion while preserving Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism.
• Available in French (under CC-BY-SA license).
"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend on Its Energy Content?".
The article by Albert Einstein, "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?", also published in the German journal "Annalen der Physik," is a concise yet extremely influential text that introduces the famous relationship between mass and energy: E=mc². This article arises from Einstein's work on special relativity and examines how the energy of a body is related to its inertia, i.e., its resistance to acceleration.
The articles from 1905 by Einstein not only revolutionized physics but also had a lasting impact on how we understand the natural world, affecting various scientific and technological fields. They established Einstein as one of the major figures in 20th-century science.
Quantum Entanglement: When Two Particles Become One!
The Pentaquark: A New Piece of the Cosmic Puzzle!
Why are Rare Gases
rare?
Brownian Motion: A Link Between Two Worlds
Why does nuclear fusion require so much energy? 
Feynman diagrams and particle physics 
Stars cannot create elements heavier than iron because of the nuclear instability barrier 
What is β radioactivity? 
Planck wall
theory 
Is
emptiness really empty? 
The Large Hadron Collider 
The hadron is not a fixed object 
Radioactivity, natural and artificial 
The
scale of nanoparticles 
Schrodinger's Cat
Before
the big bang the multiverse 
Eternal
inflation 
Gravitational
waves 
What
is a wave? 
The fields of reality: what is a field? 
Space in time
Quantum computers
Bose-Einstein condensate 
Equation of Newton's three laws 
Field concept
in physics 
The electron, a kind of electrical point 
Entropy and
disorder 
Light, all the light of the spectrum 
The
infernal journey of the photon 
Mystery of the Big Bang, the problem of the horizon 
The neutrino and beta radioactivity 
Einstein's space
time 
Time Measurement: Scientific and Technological Challenge 
Physical and Cosmological Constants: Universal Numbers at the Origin of Everything 
Spectroscopy, an inexhaustible source of information 
Abundance of chemical elements in the universe 
The size of atoms
The
magnetic order and magnetization 
The quark confinement
Superpositions of quantum states 
Alpha decay (α)
Electromagnetic induction equation 
Nuclear
fusion, natural energy source 
Does dark
matter exist? 
Non-baryonic matter
From the Ancient Atom to the Modern Atom: An Exploration of Atomic Models 
The mystery of matter, where mass comes from 
Nuclear
energy and uranium 
The Universe
of X-rays 
How
many photons to heat a coffee? 
Seeing Atoms: An Exploration of Atomic Structure 
Quantum tunneling of quantum mechanics 
Entropy: What is Time? 
The 12 Particles of Matter: Understanding the Universe at the Subatomic Scale 
The Atomic Orbital: Image of the Atom 
Earth's radioactivity
The vacuum has considerable energy 
Antimatter and antiparticle 
What is an
electric charge? 
Our matter
is not quantum! 
Why use hydrogen in the fuel cell? 
The secrets of gravity
E=mc2 explains the mass of the proton 
Image
of gravity since Albert Einstein 
Einstein's miraculous year: 1905 
What does the equation E=mc2 really mean? 
Special relativity and space and time 
Between Waves and Particles: The Mystery of Duality