Last update: October 2, 2025

Nevado del Ruiz volcano

The Nevado del Ruiz volcano

Nevado del Ruiz is an active volcano located in Colombia, in the central Andes mountain range. It is considered one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in the country. The summit of the volcano culminates at about 5,321 meters above sea level.

Nevado del Ruiz is a stratovolcano, which means it is made up of layers of ash, lava, and volcanic rock that has accumulated through eruptions. It has a summit crater and several lava domes.

The region surrounding the Nevado del Ruiz is densely populated, with several towns and villages located in the adjacent valley. Unfortunately, this human proximity has led to a tragic history of devastating eruptions.

Nevado del Ruiz's most famous eruption occurred on November 13, 1985. A massive landslide caused by rapidly melting snow and glaciers on the volcano's summit triggered a flow of mud and volcanic debris, known as lahars. These lahars descended the slopes of the volcano and devastated the city of Armero, causing thousands of victims. This disaster was one of the deadliest volcanic eruptions in history. About 23,000 people lost their lives in this devastating eruption. Most of the deaths were recorded in the town of Armero, located downstream from the volcano, where the lahars surged with destructive force, engulfing the town in a thick layer of mud and debris.

Since then, the Nevado del Ruiz has been closely watched and constantly monitored to prevent further disasters. Prevention and alert measures have been put in place, including seismographs, surveillance cameras and an early warning system for lahars.

Despite the risks it poses, Nevado del Ruiz also attracts visitors due to its natural beauty and spectacular scenery. The surrounding area offers hiking and exploration opportunities for nature and volcanology enthusiasts. However, it is important to heed the warnings and advice of local authorities to ensure safety when visiting this volcanic region.

There are about 1,500 active terrestrial volcanoes, of which around 60 erupt every year.