There are approximately 1,500 active terrestrial volcanoes, of which around 60 erupt every year. Volcanoes can be the source of gigantic climatic catastrophes, causing a sudden cooling of the average temperature of the Earth. A volcano is a relief of the earth's submarine or aerial crust, formed by the ejection and stacking of materials resulting from the rise of a magma in the form of lava and tephra.
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