Image Description: Ceres observed with the JWST telescope. Credit: NASA, ESO
Average distance from the Sun: Approximately 2.77 astronomical units (AU).
Orbital period: About 4.60 Earth years.
Orbital inclination: About 10.6° relative to the ecliptic plane.
Orbital eccentricity: About 0.08, indicating a slightly elliptical orbit.
Average diameter: About 940 km.
Massa: Approximately 9.39 × 1020 kg.
Average density: About 2.09 g/cm³, indicating that Ceres is composed mostly of ice and rock.
Surface gravity: Approximately 0.27 g or 27% of Earth's gravity (g=9.8 m/s2).
Rotation: A day on Ceres lasts about 9 hours and 4 minutes.
The surface of Ceres is composed mainly of water ice, with areas of rock and minerals such as sodium carbonate and aluminum silicate. There are also signs of organic materials and possible salt deposits.
The crust of Ceres appears to be mainly composed of water ice, with mineral inclusions.
Below the crust, a mantle of ice and rock may exist. Data suggest that Ceres might have a differentiated internal structure, with a possible subsurface ice layer.
Models suggest the presence of a rocky core, but the exact details remain uncertain.
The surface of Ceres features a variety of geological characteristics, including impact craters, mountains, and ice formations.
The Occator crater is one of the largest and most notable, with bright formations inside, probably consisting of mineral salts.
There are notable mountainous formations, such as the Ahuna Mons, which could be volcanic structures.
Ceres has a very tenuous atmosphere, composed mainly of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The concentrations are extremely low, barely detectable.
Ceres does not possess a significant magnetic field like terrestrial planets. Observations have not revealed a global magnetic field, although local anomalies have been suggested.
NASA sent the Dawn spacecraft to Ceres, which orbited the dwarf planet from 2015 to 2018. The mission provided detailed images of the surface, information on chemical composition, and data on the geology and history of Ceres.
As the largest object in the asteroid belt, Ceres is a primordial remnant of the solar system. Its study helps understand the conditions and materials present during the formation of the solar system.
The signs of water ice and organic materials on Ceres are of interest due to the potential that these conditions could have supported forms of life, even though this is highly speculative.
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